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Estimated energy requirements for children and adolescents, as calculated by the National Academy of Medicine

Estimated energy requirements for children and adolescents, as calculated by the National Academy of Medicine
Age (years) Estimated energy requirements (EER) in kcal/day*
Boys Girls
Sedentary PAL Low active PAL Active PAL Very active PAL Sedentary PAL Low active PAL Active PAL Very active PAL
3  1162  1324  1485  1683  1080  1243  1395  1649 
4  1215  1390  1566  1783  1133  1310  1475  1750 
5  1275  1466  1658  1894  1189  1379  1557 1854
6  1328  1535  1742  1997  1247  1451  1642  1961 
7  1393  1617  1840  2115  1298  1515  1719  2058 
8  1453 1692  1931 2225 1360  1593  1810  2173 
9 1530 1787 2043 2359 1415 1660 1890 2273
10 1601 1875 2149 2486 1470 1729 1972 2376
11 1691 1985 2279 2640 1538 1813 2071 2500
12 1798 2113 2428 2817 1617 1909 2183 2640
13 1935 2276 2618 3038 1684 1992 2281 2762
14 2090 2459 2829 3283 1718 2036 2334 2831
15 2223 2618 3013 3499 1731 2057 2362 2870
16 2320 2736 3152 3663 1729 2059 2368 2883
17 2366 2796 3226 3754 1710 2042 2353 2871
18 2383 2823 3263 3804 1690 2024 2336 2858
EER: estimated energy requirements; PAL: physical activity levels; CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
* EERs for boys and girls with reference height and weights equal to the median values of CDC growth charts[1] for four PALs.
¶ Physical activity levels (PALs) are defined as follows:
  • Sedentary (PAL ≥1 to <1.4, where PAL is a multiple of the basal metabolic rate) means a lifestyle that includes only the light physical activity associated with daily life, such as eating, sleeping, and walking around home and school.
  • Low active (PAL ≥1.4 to <1.6) means a lifestyle that includes physical activity equivalent to walking approximately 120 min at a rate of 2.5 mph or equivalent energy expenditure in other activities, in addition to that described for the sedentary level.
  • Active (PAL ≥1.6 to <1.9) means a lifestyle that includes physical activity equivalent to walking  approximately 230 min at a rate of 2.5 mph or equivalent energy expenditure in other activities, in addition to that described for the sedentary level. 
  • Very active (PAL ≥1.9 to <2.5) means a lifestyle that includes physical activity equivalent to walking approximately 400 min at a rate of 2.5 mph or equivalent energy expenditure in other activities, in addition to that described for the sedentary level. 
In general, children in the active or very active PAL categories are participating in moderate or vigorous activities, in addition to walking at 2.5 mph. The activity level is optimally estimated by recording an activity diary and calculating the PAL by applying the Youth Metabolic Equivalent (METy) to each activity. Refer to UpToDate content on estimation of dietary energy requirements in children.
Reference:
  1. CDC Growth Charts: United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/.
Data from: National Academy (Institute) of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids, National Academies Press, Washington, DC 2005. Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/10490/chapter/7
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