| Nasal - Narrow nares
- Wide columella
- Alar rim collapse
- Nasal tip ptosis
- Narrow piriform aperture
- Nasal valve compromise
- Nasal bone deformity
- Nasoseptal deformity
- Inferior turbinate hypertrophy
- Functional turbinate obstruction (eg, rhinitis of recumbency)
- Concha bullosae
- Nasal polyposis
|
| Oral - Small mouth
- Macroglossia/oral tongue hypertrophy
- Tori mandibularis
- Retrognathia or micrognathia
- Trismus
|
| Upper pharyngeal - Adenoid hypertrophy
- Tornwaldt cyst
- Antrochoanal polyp
- Posteriorly positioned soft palate
- Palatine tonsillar hypertrophy
- Functional obstruction (eg, palatal or velopharyngeal collapse)
- Macroglossia/junctional tongue hypertrophy
- Cervical osteophyte
|
| Lower pharyngeal - Elongated soft palate
- Lingual tonsillar hypertrophy
- Macroglossia/tongue base hypertrophy
- Posteriorly positioned tongue base
- Retrognathia or micrognathia
- Functional obstruction
- Tongue collapse
- Lateral wall collapse
- Cervical osteophytes
|
| Laryngeal - Retroflexed epiglottis
- Omega epiglottis
- Vocal fold polyp
- Vocal fold edema (Reinke's edema)
- Posterior laryngeal edema (eg, reflux laryngopharyngitis)
- Arytenoid collapse
|
