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Diagnostic evaluation of nonimmune hydrops fetalis[1-3]

Diagnostic evaluation of nonimmune hydrops fetalis[1-3]
This algorithm assumes that immune causes of hydrops have already been excluded by negative results on red blood cell antibody screening. Refer to UpToDate content for information on the evaluation and treatment of specific etiologies of hydrops.

CMV: cytomegalovirus; MCA: middle cerebral artery; PSV: peak systolic velocity; MoM: multiples of the median; IgM: immunoglobulin M; IgG: immunoglobulin G; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; RBC: red blood cell.

* MCA Doppler should be performed when cardiac changes, such as cardiac hypertrophy, are observed that might be a result of anemia.
References:
  1. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), Norton ME, Chauhan SP, Dashe JS. Society for maternal-fetal medicine (SMFM) clinical guideline #7: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:127.
  2. Zhang EG, Regan F, Layton M, et al. Managing the difficult case of fetal anemia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24:1498.
  3. Stone DL, Sidransky E. Hydrops fetalis: Lysosomal storage disorders in extremis. Adv Pediatr 1999; 46:409.
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