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Spectrum of reported responses to various treatment trials in patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS)*

Spectrum of reported responses to various treatment trials in patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS)*
Treatment N Clear benefit Partial effect No effect or worse
Stimulants 148 13% 17% 70%
Modafinil 45 0% 20% 80%
Methylphenidate 37 8% 14% 78%
Amantadine 24 12% 29% 58%
Amphetamines 31 39% 16% 45%
Lithium 130 31% 34% 35%
Antidepressants 60 3% 8% 88%
Sertraline 17 0% 0% 100%
Fluoxetine 16 0% 19% 81%
Bupropion 4 0% 50% 50%
Melatonin 16 0% 19% 81%
Phototherapy 9 0% 11% 89%
Antipsychotics 51 6% 6% 88%
Risperidone 8 0% 37% 63%
Antiseizure medications 81 8% 9% 83%
Carbamazepine 41 10% 7% 83%
Valproate 17 6% 19% 75%
Benzodiazepines 30 0% 3% 97%
Electroconvulsive therapy 5 0% 0% 100%
Immunoglobulins 3 0% 33% 66%
Acyclovir 2 0% 0% 100%
Corticosteroids 2 0% 0% 100%
Vitamin supplements 24 0% 0% 100%
Effects of 508 treatment trials in 176 KLS patients. Combined results of a meta-analysis[1] and a large survey of new patients[2] are presented.
* It should be noted that these results are based on patients' subjective reports and are to be compared with "No treatment," which had been calculated in 32 patients to have "clear effect" in 16%, "partial effect" in 34%, and "no effect" in 50%.
References:
  1. Arnulf I, Zeitzer JM, File J, et al. Kleine-Levin syndrome: A systematic review of 186 cases in the literature. Brain 2005; 128:2763.
  2. Arnulf I, Lin L, Gadoth N, et al. Kleine-Levin syndrome: A systematic study of 108 patients. Ann Neurol 2008; 63:482.
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