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Patient education: Breathing tests (The Basics)

Patient education: Breathing tests (The Basics)

What are breathing tests? — Breathing tests are a group of tests that measure how well your lungs are working. The terms doctors use for these tests are "pulmonary function tests" or "PFTs." Specifically, breathing tests measure:

How much air you can breathe in and out of your lungs

How fast you can breathe the air out of your lungs

How much oxygen gets into your blood from your lungs

Why might my doctor order breathing tests? — Your doctor might order breathing tests to:

Find the cause of symptoms such as a long-term cough, noisy breathing (wheezing), or trouble breathing

Check if a known lung condition is mild or severe, or changes over time – Lung conditions that are commonly followed with breathing tests include asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (also called "COPD").

Check how well your inhaler medicines are working

Check how well your lungs are working before you have surgery

How do I prepare for breathing tests? — Your doctor or nurse will tell you if you need to do anything special to prepare for your breathing tests. If you use an inhaler, your doctor might have you wait to take your medicine until after the test (instead of before).

What are the different breathing tests and what do they involve? — The different breathing tests include:

Spirometry – This is the most common breathing test. It involves breathing in as deeply as you can, and then breathing out as hard and as fast as you can into a tube (figure 1). The tube is attached to a machine called a "spirometer." The doctor, nurse, or technician will give you specific directions about how to breathe for the test. Spirometry measures how much air you can breathe in and out of your lungs and how fast you can breathe the air out of your lungs.

During this test, the doctor, nurse, or technician might give you medicine to open up your airways. This medicine comes as an inhaler that you breathe in. Then, you will repeat the spirometry test to see whether the medicine has affected your breathing.

Lung volume measurement – This test measures how much air is in your lungs. Some lung diseases increase the amount of air in your lungs. Other diseases decrease the amount of air in your lungs. The test involves sitting in a large glass box that looks like a phone booth. While you are in this box, you will breathe in and out through a tube. The technician might ask you to pant (breathe in and out quickly) during the test.

Diffusing capacity – This test measures how well oxygen gets from your lungs into your blood. It involves breathing in a certain gas, and then breathing out into a tube.

Six-minute walk test – This test measures how far you can walk in 6 minutes. It also measures how much oxygen is in your blood before and after you walk for 6 minutes. While you walk, you will wear a sensor on your finger that measures how much oxygen is in your blood.

Arterial blood gas – This test measures how much oxygen is in your blood. It involves having blood drawn from an artery in your wrist. Then the blood sample is sent to a lab for tests.

What are the downsides of breathing tests? — It depends on the test. For instance, breathing in and out fast and hard during spirometry can make people cough, or feel lightheaded or dizzy. It can also cause a feeling of pressure in the chest, belly, or head.

What if my child needs breathing tests? — Most children ages 6 and older can follow directions well enough to have breathing tests.

If your child is 5 years old or younger, the doctor can change the way the tests are done. They will also have the tests done by someone who has a lot of experience working with children.

More on this topic

Patient education: Asthma in adults (The Basics)
Patient education: Asthma in children (The Basics)
Patient education: Chronic bronchitis (The Basics)
Patient education: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (The Basics)
Patient education: Cough in adults (The Basics)
Patient education: Cough in children (The Basics)
Patient education: Shortness of breath (dyspnea) (The Basics)

Patient education: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Beyond the Basics)
Patient education: Chronic cough in adults (Beyond the Basics)

This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Jan 02, 2023.
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