| Nonbenzodiazepine | Clinical use* | Preparations (brand name) | Adult dose (initial)¶ | Adult dose (max) | Dose in older adults (≥65 years) | Half-life (hours) | Potential for drug interactionsΔ |
| Eszopiclone | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Tablet (Lunesta) | 1 mg | 3 mg | 1 to 2 mg | Intermediate (6) | Moderate Eszopiclone is metabolized in part by CYP3A4 |
| Zaleplon | Sleep onset insomnia | Capsule (Sonata) | 5 mg | 20 mg | 5 mg | Short (1) | Low |
| Zolpidem | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Tablet (Ambien), sublingual tablet (Edluar), oral liquid (Zolpimist; 5 mg per spray) | Males 5 to 10 mg Females 5 mg | 10 mg | 5 mg | Short (1.4 to 4.5) | Low to moderate Zolpidem is metabolized in part by CYP3A4 Metabolized more slowly by females, particularly with age |
| Zolpidem extended release | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Coated tablet (Ambien CR) | Males 6.25 to 12.5 mg Females 6.25 mg | 12.5 mg | 6.25 mg | Intermediate (1.6 to 4◊) | |
| Zolpidem middle of the night | Sleep maintenance insomnia (middle of the night) | Sublingual tablet (Intermezzo; 1.75 mg, 3.5 mg) | Males 3.5 mg Females 1.75 mg | 3.5 mg | 1.75 mg | Short (1.4 to 4.5) | |
| Zopiclone (not available in the United States) | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Tablet | 3.75 mg | 7.5 mg | 3.75 mg | Intermediate (5 to 7) | Moderate Zopiclone is metabolized by CYP2C8 and 3A4 |
