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Cranial nerves involved in swallowing

Cranial nerves involved in swallowing
Cranial nerve Sensory innervation Motor innervation
CN V trigeminal mandibular branch (V3)
  • Sensation to the lining of the buccal cavity, tongue, teeth
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscles for hyolaryngeal elevation, tensor veli palatini
CN VII facial
  • Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the oral tongue
  • Sensation to the facial muscles
  • Muscles of facial expression.
  • Lip closure, protrusion, and retraction
CN IX glossopharyngeal
  • Receives input from tonsils, pharynx, posterior tongue
  • Supplies taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue
  • Stylopharyngeus elevates pharynx and larynx
CN X vagus
  • Sensation to the pharynx, larynx, trachea
  • Muscles of the velopharyngeal mechanism
  • Pharyngeal constrictors including cricopharyngeus
  • Intrinsic muscles of the larynx including vocal folds
CN XI accessory
  • No sensory component
  • Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
CN XII hypoglossal
  • No sensory component
  • Extrinsic tongue muscles
  • Intrinsic muscles of the tongue for speech articulation and bolus manipulation
Graphic 96249 Version 4.0