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Physiologic classification of causes of dyspnea

Physiologic classification of causes of dyspnea
Increased ventilatory demand
Increased physiologic dead space
Pulmonary embolism
Extrinsic compression of pulmonary artery
Emphysema
Metabolic
Exercise
Altered pCO2 set point
Early metabolic acidosis due to deconditioning
Neurohumeral
Pain
Anxiety
Depression
Impaired mechanical response
Airway obstruction
Chronic bronchitis
Tumor
Decreased chest wall compliance
Post-thoracotomy
Obesity
Decreased parenchymal elasticity
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary vessel congestion secondary to left heart failure
Inspiratory muscle weakness
Neuromuscular disease
Cachexia due to cancer
Steroid myopathy
Electrolyte imbalance
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