Neurological conditions |
Neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Alzheimer dementia, Parkinson disease) |
Neuromuscular disorders including painful peripheral neuropathies |
Cerebral hemispheric and brainstem strokes |
Brain tumors |
Traumatic brain injury |
Headache syndromes (eg, migraine, cluster, hypnic headache, and exploding head syndromes) |
Fatal familial insomnia |
Medications and substances |
Central nervous system stimulants |
Central nervous system depressants |
Bronchodilators |
Antidepressants |
Beta antagonists |
Diuretics |
Glucocorticoids |
Caffeine |
Alcohol |
Other sleep disorders |
Restless legs syndrome |
Periodic limb movement disorder |
Sleep apnea |
Circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders |
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder |
Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder |
Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder |
Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder |
Shift work disorder |
Jet lag |