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Pharmacokinetics of commonly used insulin preparations

(A) Prandial insulin
Insulin type	Approximate onset of action	Effective peak	Approximate duration of action*
Lispro, lispro-aabc, aspart, faster aspart, glulisine^¶	15 to 30 minutes	1 to 3 hours	4 to 6 hours
Regular	30 minutes	1.5 to 3.5 hours	8 hours
(B) Basal insulin
Insulin type	Half-life^Δ	Effective peak	Approximate duration of action*
NPH	4.4 hours	4 to 6 hours	12 hours
Insulin glargine
U-100	12 hours	No pronounced peak	20 to >24 hours
U-300	19 hours	No pronounced peak	20 to >24 hours
Insulin detemir	5 to 7 hours	3 to 9 hours	6 to 24 hours^◊
Insulin degludec (U-100, U-200)	25 hours	No pronounced peak	>24 hours

* Glucose-lowering action may vary considerably in different individuals or within the same individual; the duration of action is dose dependent.
¶ Lispro-aabc and faster aspart have quicker pharmacokinetic profiles than standard lispro and aspart.
Δ In general, it takes 4 half-lives to reach steady state. Dose adjustments should not be made until after steady state is achieved.
◊ At higher doses (≥0.8 units/kg), mean duration of action is longer and less variable (22 to 23 hours).

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